Essay on Relation Cultural Theory Development - 1631 Words

This paper analyzes my development in the context of Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT). Being older, I felt it appropriate to break my analysis up into three distinct phases: pre-adult (1-17 years of age), early-adult (18-30), and middle-adult (31 and on). In the pre-adult phase, I demonstrate a number of developmental deficiencies in RCT terms that handicapped my entry into adulthood. I then show the explosion of development that took place in my early-adult years that allowed me to begin operating as a much more mature person. In the last section, I show how growth in my early-adult years allowed me to experience several highly productive decades characterized by increasingly more mature relationships. In the conclusion, I note some ways†¦show more content†¦Examples of this include my resistance to joining the Boy Scouts. To this day, I regret that my parents â€Å"let me off the hook.† While I was not entirely successful, I became pretty adept at avoiding group act ivities. Another example is my failure to join the high school track team, even when invited by the coach. I still look on this as one of my worse decisions. These experiences are closest to Jordan’s (2010) concept of strategies of disconnection, although the motivation was probably driven more by a lack of self confidence. I believe that I simply feared the unknown and lacked the perspective that would have allowed me to take more risks. Instead of growing in my ability to form healthy relationships, I avoided those situations that would have allowed for growth fostering relationships, in which I and others would have greatly benefited (Jordan, 2010). When I looked back at my childhood from my late twenties, I remember thinking that no one seemed to figure out what I was doing. I now understand that a few well planned adult interventions might have brought me into much stronger relationships, much sooner. While I am sure they tried, I believe that my parents were ill equippe d to provide these interventions. They were also distracted by my brother’s many behavioral issues. My lack of relational competence (Jordan, 2010) had a huge influence on meShow MoreRelatedContemporary Social Theory And Functionalist Approach1457 Words   |  6 Pagesother in contemporary social theory these themes consist of relationship between society and self, nature of social life, possibility, and role of social transformation, structure of social institutions and themes such as class, gender, and race. Contemporary social theory is given importance due to the fact that helps in evaluating the societal features easily. In this paper, the three different contexts that contribute in the development of contemporary social theory are discussed and explainedRead MoreDiscuss Major Theories Of Human Development And Learning Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss major theories of human development and learning, including MÄ ori and Pasifika perspectives. This essay will discuss Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky and their theories as well as critical points from their theories and explain how they relate back to each theory. It will discuss how both of these theories can be applied to work in relation to a role in the Early Childhood sector. It will include Dr. Rangimarie Pere’s studies in education and how they compare to those of Piaget and Vygotsky. ThisRead MoreEssay on The Psychoanalytic Perspective on Infant Development1350 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was the first to develop a theory of human development with a focus on unconscious processes and instincts. Freud believed unconscious conflicts in early childhood can determine who a person will be in adulthood. He also believed that the mind contains three parts known as the id, ego, and superego, which govern a person’s judgment (Frank, 2013). The id, which Freud believed to be present at birth, is viewed as the childlike part of the unconscious. ItRead MoreObject Relations Theory : A Theory Of Relationships1310 Words   |  6 PagesObject Relations Two Major Assumptions: Object relations theory is a theory of relationships between people particularly within a family believing that humans have a need to connect with others. More so, expressing a belief that we are driven to form relationships with others and that failure to do so successfully leads to later problems. This theory has deepened our understanding of humans and their relationships, as well as transformed social policies for example children are placed in foster homesRead MoreUnderstanding Culture, Development and Interrelationship1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relationship of Culture and Development Introduction The center of attention is to see the relationship between culture and development by understanding both the phenomenon’s conceptually. It also identifies the importance of culture in the process of development, especially with reference of developing countries like Pakistan. Understanding Culture For sociologists, culture remains a general concept that serves to draw our attention to the fact that humans develop social solutions to theirRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development803 Words   |  4 PagesIn the early 19th Century, little attention was given to children development. Emphasis were based upon what a child would become as they get older( Green 2013)However, it was investigated by human developmental psychologist that Child development is relevant in relation to how individuals relate in the environment as well as the factors that influence human development. These psychologists developed the human developmental life span which is predominant in the society today, although remains unsubstantiatedRead MoreAdditionally, In His Book â€Å"Distinction,† Bourdieu Discusses1321 Words   |  6 PagesAdditionally, in his book â€Å"Distinction,† Bourdieu discusses cultural capital and the way people use classes of classifications while classifying one another . As habitus, fields and cultural capital develop distinct of different class factions within social spaces, of the â€Å"sacred† sphere of culture that legitimates social order. Therefore, people undoubtedly know their place within society as well quickly identify other individuals who are within their class are other factions of society that areRead Moredevelopment studies1392 Words   |  6 PagesAND SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES. Name: Computer No. : Course: DEV 2150 Tutor; Task: Present and discuss the various theories that are used to account for social and political change in developing countries. State by giving reasons, the theory you think is most suitable to understanding social and political change in developing countries. Developing countries have encountered perpetual shifts in cultural values and behavioural patterns of governanceRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Journalism On A Global Scale1677 Words   |  7 PagesPower and democracy play an extremely large role in media industries as well as spatial, economic and political inequalities. To understand this concept cultural labour, indigenous media practises as well as impacts of neoliberalism will need to be addressed to establish the impact of intensifies market forces on journalism on a global scale. (Lechner, 2002) Neoliberalism is the political monetary standard of our time- it alludes to the approaches and techniques whereby a relative handful of privateRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society983 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough functionalism is the more popular perspective, it is not flawless. There are conflicts of interest about the relations between the school and society. The main problem with functionalism is that it tends to emphasize the social needs of society over the individual’s need. Robert Merton, a critic of functionalism comments that â€Å"because many functionalisms have assumed that every social practice and institution must be understood in terms of its adaptive function for the society as a whole

Cold War Essay - 637 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cold War nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; How did the cold war affect economic development in Europe, Asia and the U.S.?†¦show more content†¦Democratic localism was also enforced to keep the government at bay, allowing people to make their own economic decisions. Capitalism was renewed due to growth. Americans were enjoying various freedoms in politics, religion and travel. Nixon stated in one of his speeches that the United States had â€Å"come closest to the idea of prosperity for all in a classless society (166).† Another country that was affected by the cold war in Asia was Japan. The country lacked raw materials. Japan was under U.S. occupation and many of their forces were Americans. The Japanese lacked food and raw materials. Bankruptcies and unemployment increased and the country eventually fell into recession. The welfare state in Europe relates to the cold war because shortly after the cold war, the economy began to grow. Health insurance systems were introduced. Social democratic parties were formed, social continuity enforced. The right to welfare and economic growth helped to boost Europe’s economy. More jobs were created as a result of the cold war. The consumer culture in the U.S. relates to the cold war by the growth of cities, decline in death and birth rates, automobiles and television sets were introduced with the U.S. being dominant in and possessing television sets. Credit cards made spending easier. The consumer culture began to spread to Western Europe once the cold war had ended. International trade not only gave the U.S. a boost in their economy but also the six countries that madeShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, whi ch it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War consist of tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. vying for dominance, and expansion throughout the world. Their complete different ideologies and vision of the postwar prevented them from working together. Stalin wants to punish Germany and make them pay outrageous sum of money for reparation. However, Tru man has a different plan than Stalin. Truman believes that industrialization and democracy in Germany and throughout the world would ensure postwar stability. Stalin also wantedRead MoreThe Cold War1676 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Context: The Cold War started by the end of the Second World War. The aim of this war was to spread opposing ideologies of Capitalism and Communism by the two world superpowers without the result of a hot war. The war was between the Capitalist West - namely: the United States of America, Britain and France – and Communist East – known to be Russia and all the satellite states which communism had taken over. An agreement made at the Yalta meeting of 1945 was that Germany would be dividedRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2020 Words   |  9 Pages How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War? The Cold War was a â€Å"competition† between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46-year-long war began immediately after the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, â€Å"He hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated JewsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2020 Words   |  9 Pages How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War? The Cold War was a â€Å"competition† between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46-year-long war began immediately after the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, â€Å"He hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated JewsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1253 Words   |  6 PagesFor almost 15 years the U.S. has been in a constant state of war. Various terrorist organizations, from al-Quade, to the Taliban, and now Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have maintained our focus so much so that we have almost forgotten about prior threats. Ten years prior to the start of the conflict in the Middle East, the Cold War had officially concluded, ending almost 45 years of server political and military tensions between the U.S. and Russian following WWII. During thi s period ofRead MoreThe Cold War1537 Words   |  7 Pagesseem and that every mental event in life its self can be perceived and interpreted many ways which are all true for each of the participants but not as a truth for all. This fed the cold war paranoia that even your next-door neighbor would be a communist. 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The Cold War was fueled by many factors such as ideological differences, mutual mistrust, America’s fear of the spread of communism, and nuclear weapons. The war ultimately resulted in the collapse of communism. The war was supported by allied nations although the main instigators of the war were Russia and the United States. A major short term factor that lead to the Cold War was USSR’s fear of America’s newly acquired

British Airways - Marketing Strategy and Research Methodology in UK

Question: Write an essay on Research Project of British Airways? Answer: Executive Summary The report is a research proposal that makes an in-depth study of the marketing strategies utilised by the companies to drive business growth. Hence, all the factors related to devising new and innovative marketing strategies and how it affects the business are discussed in detail. The company chosen for analysis is British Airways, which is a leading airline company in the United Kingdom. A short background study is conducted on the company, and the issues and factors related to its marketing strategies are studied and identified. This study, in turn, helps to make an analysis of the topic in detail to provide proper and logical conclusions and recommendations. A brief and well-structured research methodology is also applied to reach the project objective. Introduction A business sustains and grows on the basis of the strategies that it undertakes. A business also survives on the image and perception of the consumers and hence it is necessary to undertake very well planned and specific marketing strategies to succeed. The marketing strategies are formatted after making a study of the external and internal factors and the consumer behaviours. Also, the competitive structure and priorities play a huge role in defining the marketing strategies. The marketing strategy, when implemented, takes the business further, and a proper and effective marketing strategy will help the business to succeed. Hence, it is very important to make a proper market study and strategies on key dimensions to enjoy growth of the business and increasing sales (Woodley, 2006). British Airways or BA is a flag-carrier airline company in the United Kingdom. Founded in the year 1974 the airline company has grown into one of the largest carriers and multiple subsidiaries. The slogan of the company is "To Fly. To serve". The presently enjoys a revenue of 11.421 billion. For a long time, the company was a customer of Boeing, but presently it has also ordered Airbus A320 (Britishairways.com, 2015). This report will discuss the marketing strategy of British Airways and how it impacts the business that it conducts. The marketing strategy of British Airways has been to serve the clients and expand on a global basis. Hence, the report makes and in-depth study of the factors and the marketing strategies and what impact it has on the business of the company. Background The British Airways is an internationally scheduled airline company of United Kingdom. It also engages in operating domestic and international carriage of freight, mail and other ancillary services. With an employee number of 42,377 the Airline Company also boasts of a passenger figure of 33millions. The company was privatised in the year 1987 and is surviving in the stiff and growing competition. The company has already undertaken sustainability and green technology as one of their strategic policies and has taken great initiatives in reducing greenhouse gases. The company has also changed the way they operate a business and have brought in a lot of innovations to provide better service to the customers. British Airways is closely connected with the Heathrow airport and is involved in rapid development regarding the growth of business in the Airline sector (Centreforaviation.com, 2015). A short analysis of the factors that affect the business of British Airways is done it is done. The recent economic collapse has lead to a downfall in the revenue, and the business had taken up a backseat. With the recent mergers and the air, trade policies have helped the company to buck up and have interesting business opportunities. The environmental and legal scenario was effective in providing broad scope for the development and growth of the company. Although the airline companies has suffered quite a lot due to the recent epidemics and from fear of terrorism, the excellent service and the value added services have been successful in keeping the business on track (Wind, 2005). Rationale The global airline industry is highly related to the global economic condition and growth. The latest advancements in technology and the innovations in the operational as well as the marketing strategies have lead to a new era of and ever growing air traffic. The competition in the service sector is always largely competitive with new and substitute entrants changing the business scope. It is only the old and established firms that have been successful to hold a strong ground amidst the sudden growth phase and the changes. But it is seen that there is much need for analysing and studying the present need of the consumers and from the strategies accordingly. The objective of the report is to understand the strategic direction taken up by British Airways. The report hence understands the mission and vision of the company, which is to be the best brand in the Airline sector. The external environment of the company is already studied, and it is seen that the scope to formulate new marketing strategies is important by keeping the changes in the environment in sight. The internal environment is studied with the help of Porter's five forces. The internal environment studies the internal condition of the airline industry and the changes that must be kept in mind while creating the marketing strategies as this will provide the competitive advantage. The main competitors of BA are Easyjet, Air France and Lufthansa. Easyjet is a major competitor in the low-fare sector whereas Air France and Lufthansa provide similar product and advantages (Chahal and Kaur, 2013). The bargaining power of the customers is increasing due to the availability of the online ticket booking portals, lots of cheaper private airlines and incentives and offers. It is essential that the present marketing strategy so able to understand the consumer need and holds more power over the customer segment (Jeannet, Hennessey and Jeannet, 2004). The bargaining power of the suppliers is also increasing due to the rise in oil prices and economic downturn. The airlines still hold greater power. There are a lot many new entrants in the market as well as substitutes that make such long flights pointless. But the industry is still sustaining itself amidst the above factors. Finally, the SWOT analysis conducted shows that (Jorge, 2009): Strengths It is a very well reputed brand Great financial size Weakness Fewer innovations and practices are still traditional Poor employee relations has affected the brand image Opportunity It is very much cost effective and at the same time have unique service delivery The up gradation to Skytrax will open a new door for business expansion. Threats Large competitive market Constant changes in the technology and economic condition Thus, the report describes the scope and potential of the organisation in adopting a well-structured marketing strategy to have a positive impact on the business. Literature Review The British Airways is known for its constant development and penchant for growth. Although there is a slight lack of innovation in a very large amount, it is seen that the company tries to excel in the sector by adopting a slow methodology (Maritz, 2008). The essential factor that has lead to the success of the company in the service sector and the airline industry is its cost leadership marketing strategy to sustain in the highly competitive ground (Djordjevic and Djordjevic, 2012). As noticed by (Smallwood and Greiner, 2008) that British Airways specifically focuses on the use of strong advertising focus to target its customers and highlight the high level of customer service that it provides to the consumers. It is seen that company has undertaken research on the consumer profiles and insights to understand the requirements and build certain brand equity to promote it. The majority of the business is based on driving consumer trust and alliance. The marketers are paying more attention to theories and strategies to increase their customer retention capacity to gain a competitive advantage (Hoffman, Bateson and Hoffman, 2006). It is perceived by (Fyall and Garrod, 2005) that British Airways have chosen a generic strategy to implement on that will provide the perfect competitive advantage for the company to succeed. It is seen that BA has invested in discounted and massive price related marketing activities to focus on the low-cost " no-fill" segment that is prevalent in the United Kingdom. But the cost leadership and differentiation did not help the airline company to survive. Hence, as (Thompson and Martin, 2005) said the cost focus and diversification are the only solutions that will help the company to survive and have a sustainable future. The cost focus and diversification help the company to focus on providing better features and opportunities o the consumers to a relatively low cost, and thus it provides a very significant competitive advantage to the organisation. The studies and market analysis shows that the company is very wisely placed in the cost focus segment, and this positioning strategy has helped the company to sustain in the increasingly competitive ground (Tanwar, 2013). Marketing strategies thus have very serious implication on the business that it conducts. The (Managing culture at British Airways: hype, hope and reality, 2002) finds that the British Airways have been one of the leading companies that managed a very serious cultural shift from pleasure and profit to customer service, so that they could reach nearer to their customers. Hence, it is apparent that the change in direction and strategy is essential to achieving business growth. Thus, it could also be said that the marketing strategies are implemented, redesigned and reimplemented so that it matches the present profile and culture. Further, the research will discuss other factors and issues that have lead to the construction of different and new marketing strategies to ensure growth and success in the challenging and competitive ground (McDonagh, 2006). The research will also study the poor and irrelevant marketing strategies that will have a negative impact on the marketing strategies. Hence, a brief research is done on the same. Research Question The research questions raise implications for the hypothesis that would be provided through the research. It relates the issues and points identified in the ultimate hypothesis to form and raise questions that will prove that the research is successful in providing proof to the main project topic. Firstly, as it is specified that British Airways undertakes thorough research and study of the consumer behaviour and the current needs and demands to understand the requirement for the marketing department (Gabrielsson and Gabrielsson, 2013). Thus, the preliminary marketing strategy that is utilised by the company is Advertising that focuses on the customer needs and services. According to the present need of the century and an era of heavy competition, a customer focus is sure to build an effective marketing ground. Thus, the research questions that arise out of the issue are: Q1: What is the consumer need and demand for the present Airline industry? Q2: What kind of research was conducted by the British Airways to receive consumer insight? Q3: What kind of advertising techniques and applications are used by British Airways to achieve the same? Next, it is also studied that the company used a customer retention program o ensure it gains a competitive edge. British Airways invested in creating consumer trust and alliances to build the brand value and drive the business and hence the research questions that arise are (Paley, 2005): Q4: In what way does British Airways drive consumer trust and alliance? Q5: To extent does the customer retention program proves effective in providing a competitive advantage? Another significant factor identified is the utilisation of Porter's competitive positioning (Singh, 2010). The studies show that the cost focus is the differentiation used along with the diversification criteria and hence, the research question is: Q6: In what way does British Airways utilise Cost focus and diversification to drive business? Finally the change in culture and managing the change has helped the Company to sustain itself in the ever-changing airline industry (Sheffield, Goldie and Coleshill, 2000). Thus, the research questions are: Q7: What was the difference between British Airways past and present organisational culture? Q8: How did British Airways implement change management to sustain in the competitive ground? Q9: How do the following marketing strategies prove effective to foster growth in British Airway's business? Research Methodology The research of the marketing strategies of British Airways would be conducted on the basis of the reports published in the reports in the media which gives an idea of the strategic shift of the brand. The position of the brand in comparison to its competitors would be analyzed while the innovations in terms of marketing those the brand have undertaken specifically to counter the marketing trends are evaluated thereby. The business do not disclose its marketing overview to the larger audience or investor but gives a hint of what its long term plans are from where it seeks profitability to be generated. This shall give the business investors a credible platform to invest while also depict its future endeavors. The Qualitative data from various media sources would be referred to in the process from which a trend shall be established to find a concluding answer to which way the business strategies are progressing and how successful are they in such a dynamic competitive market. The idea about the strategies and its success can be measured from the implementation stagnancy and execution of it. The failure of the same is depicted by the change in strategic plans and loss of market or failure to recognize the right market that results in a further change in market concentration. The same is discussed in the market and overall strategic success preview. Findings The Global markets have put forward various challenges to the aircraft business both at home and abroad. This is not just due to growing competition from the rival brands but also immerging trends in the immerging markets. Thus, the businesses have to keep up with these immerging trends to compete with the immerging markets. The beginning of the year saw a shift in the plans of British Airways where it kept the immerging markets as the primary focus in the marketing foray that saw a partnership with commercial teams as well as consumers. This restructuring was done keeping the changing aspect of global business in mind where the markets, as well as market dynamics, were changing fast. Thus, the focus was a duel where the marketing team wished to have consumer experience at the core of every commercial activity since the consumer experience is the key narrative to business development in a market of competition. Since consumer has various Airlines to choose from in the International a rena where British Airways is just one of the many to fly, the consumer experience and availability, economy are the key factors those keep the airliner successful among them. The consumer centricity' adopted by the brand has led brands deliver value service for consumers. Furthermore, the airliner have booked a profit of Euro 607 million in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014 which gave Euro 477 million (Britishairways.com, 2015). The Management have seen few distinct changes in the senior management which further enforces the idea that the business is going customer-centric in its approaches. Thus, the focus is now not only the cheap flight but also service delivery, where consumers are willing to pay more for services (Hanlon, 1996). A big step in this direction was taken when the brand announced its loyalty and digital marketing communication to be directed by BBH in addition to advertising remits. This was a classical case. Today's market is dominated by social media, internet devices, communications have reached ahead of media advertising where the internet and handheld devices have enabled both ways communications thus feedback mechanism a part of market communications. The business have understood it and have made personalized offerings more distinct in its loyalty offerings and have generated a online growth consultancy' services for itself to be consistent and be constantly be in touch with the consumers (Dnaindia.com, 2013). The payment of bills have been made easy, service delivery, and receipt is been made easier where the business knows the client more closely and the offer of the business to the client to know them more closely worked. The client knows all about the services and knows what best they can get in the process of using British Airways, so the client has a choice of price comparison and choosing the one best suited for their use. The economy of scale is one while the both way communication is another where the two greatest boons in the current model of advertising using social media had been well utilized by the British Airways. The E-Bay handles the Email Marketing called E-Dialog which is the Enterprise Marketing Solution used by the brand and together it's a good strategy that the airliner has adopted for its futuristic plans. Further, it is notable that the brand claimed the Global number 1 position in 2012 after the 2012 London Olympics where the Swiss brand Rolex fell to a second pla ce. Thus, this is a great leap for the brand, and the brand has done a great job to have scored such a position being in the service sector in such a competitive market (Profit.ndtv.com, 2015). It must also be said that the brand have taken the legacy forward from this point to develop a bigger space for themselves. Nevertheless, the growing markets like India, China is replacing many other markets which were primary hubs for the European giants like British Airways which the airliner have used well to incorporate in its bouquet of offerings to balance its act well in those markets and show the strategic shifts well in accordance with the market needs (Raghuvanshi, 2015). Analysis The aviation industry is not only dependent but also service dependent in the world of competitive offerings. The global market has both of them on offer for the consumers who are perceived to be willing to pay more if the services are good. Thus, the airliner has developed the services in a manner that have improved their competence in the global context in both cost and service perspective to attract the bulk of the consumers. However, there is another very major connection that has to be adhered to in this case that makes the case further more complex in the airlines business. The availability and frequency in a market of a particular brand are important which also means the infrastructure for the same market for a particular brand needs to be built. The brand has made a slow but steady entry into the Indian and Chinese Markets which a dedicated flow in the South East Asian Countries in search of new opportunities. This has given not only a new market to serve but also new destina tions for the brand to fly (Marketing Week, 2015). The popularity of the brand is growing, and the density is growing in these markets. The Indian market gives a free economy comparable to the UK market that the brand knows and recognizes while the plan to do code sharing with an Indian partner is also on their list. The Indian market as the new Asian hub is the key target for British Airways when it targets to compete with the Asian giants like Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways and European counterparts like Lufthansa. The second biggest International hub for the brand is targeted for India after US considering its growth where the Middle Eastern nations see capacity pick such as Emirates (Williams, 2015). The Aviation infrastructure of the nation however needs further development till the plans are laid out till then the British Airways would serve the Indian Market and gather the substantial data needed for such market operations (Vance and Malik, 2015). The other very important thing is habit and brand loyalty that the Indian market has which have attracted the British Airways along with the Government's attitude towards the foreign investors interested in investing in the Subcontinent. The mix of all the factors have made the selection of Indian market as a strategic asset to venture a well-established strategy for the brand's future (Phadnis, 2015). The population and the potential growth figures that the country portrays to the Global community are the added advantage of the entire plan. The fleet planning is been done on the basis of the political as well as consumer preference impacts (Emerald Group Publishing., 2003). The density of passengers between destinations determines the fleet size that also needs a return density to come back to the hub from where it started for staff change, repair, etc. Such operational qualities are achieved by selecting the density and destinations well, and allocations of the fleet on such destinations are done accordingly. However, even today there are few facilities those are reserved for few who are willing to pay the high price during the basic minimum for those in the economy class. The parity of services all across the class are being well handled where the difference is been made little to keep the rates comparatively lesser and generate more space for all irrespective of the class (Marketing Week, 2014). The British Airways have lowered its cost with effective distribution of the fares all along its seats with little to differentiate between business and economy class from a service point of view. Various code sharing partnership with regional airlines have b een started to boost the sales in those corners where the business is venturing in a big way. India for an example, where Kingfisher, Jet Blue are two significant airlines that are partners in the domestic market that does partnership with this international carrier (Timesofindia-economictimes.com, 2010). Recommendations The competitors have led the prices for an offering low. The internal and external strategies of the business have been laid out to suit the changing dynamics of the business. The consumer satisfaction on one side that has driven the internal strategies while fleet density increase in those parts where the consumer density is more has been well chosen by the brand. The strategic outcome of the same is considered to make the British Airways lead in the competitive scenario of the Global aviation. Nevertheless, it is to be seen the European economic crisis have taken the toll on the air travel that have significantly reduced in the last few years. The new hubs are thus growing. The Asia-Europe Hub and vice versa is common now while North America to Asia Hub is also very frequent where the Asian carriers like Emirates, Singaporean Airlines, Thai Airways, Cathay Pacific have an edge over the European giants. The first recommendation is to study the market and study the change properly to identify and apply the changes appropriately. The market recognition is one while deriving the proper market-oriented strategy would be the second focus for the business to make the right plan to venture into those markets and build the long-standing infrastructure to serve the consumers in the specific market. The British Airways have now introduced the Mobile Application where they track their consumer's location to keep them updated with their flight details. The same can be used in the new market, and new consumers can be made loyal consumers for a longstanding operation in those markets. The application of the right measures at the right time is important during the utility for the strategic approach also needs to be measured so that the business can take right steps to rectify wherever they went wrong. The second recommendation is thus using the technology to take feedback and keep a long standing touch with the consumer to generate consumer loyalty. The consumer loyalty is important in the long term as the business investments in a specific market is dependent on it as well as the growth plans and long-term objectives for a market is set on those grounds where the loyalty generation is more. The generation of loyalty also ensures that the other businesses have to generate a lot extra that is certainly not feasible in the international flight scenario in such a competitive environment. Thus, the duration of a market stay is enhanced by the business with the enhanced loyalty of consumers. The third recommendation for the British Airways is to have a competitive price and service offerings for its consumers. The competitive airlines industry has changes the way the services are offered along with prices which the airliner needs to study well. The introduction of the new service policy that satisfies all with a well oiled pricing scheme that attracts consumers from all sphere of life and also ensures comfort for all flying would make the business get an edge over most other in the same market. Facility and reliability hold the key to the brand that would hold the key to the brand's future developments and growth. Conclusion The British Airways have changed the way the marketing works for its business. It has strategized new policies which have futuristic goals that is been developed in the present day market. One of the most effective of all strategies were the identification of the right market at the right time and made right choices to gain business. The Indian market for an example is a growing market where the business has developed well and is envisioned to do well in the future. The identification is one while the offering is the other very prominent part of the marketing that the business had to offer. The business offered services at a competitive cost for all using the services irrespective of the class of passenger, gaining the trust and faith of all. Further, the way the business have used the technology to generate consumer loyalty was discussed. The way is a great way forward and also a great vehicle to ride considering the feedback enables better service delivery. References 1. Britishairways.com, (2015). Travel classes | British Airways. [online] Available at: https://www.britishairways.com/en-in/information/travel-classes?source=MNVINF2travel_classeslink=main_nav [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 2. Britishairways.com, (2015). Book Flights, Holidays Check In Online | British Airways. [online] Available at: https://www.britishairways.com/travel/home/public/en_in [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 3. Centreforaviation.com, (2015). IAG SWOT: Europe's leading legacy airline group shows financial progress and strategic confidence | CAPA - Centre for Aviation. [online] Available at: https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/iag-swot-europes-leading-legacy-airline-group-shows-financial-progress-and-strategic-confidence-204166 [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 4. Chahal, H. and Kaur, J. (2013). Impact of marketing capabilities on competitive advantage and business performance: research propositions. International Journal of Business Competition and Growth, 3(2), p.121. 5. Djordjevic, M. and Djordjevic, A. (2012). The indirect strategies of internationalization of companies.Marketing, 43(1), pp.33-40. 6. Dnaindia.com, (2013). British Airways whips up spend in its No.2 market | Latest News Updates at Daily News Analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-british-airways-whips-up-spend-in-its-no2-market-1801070 [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 7. Emerald Group Publishing., (2003). Service Quality. Emerald Group Publishing. 8. Fyall, A. and Garrod, B. (2005). Tourism marketing. Clevedon: Channel View Publications. 9. Gabrielsson, P. and Gabrielsson, M. (2013). A dynamic model of growth phases and survival in international business-to-business new ventures: The moderating effect of decision-making logic.Industrial Marketing Management, 42(8), pp.1357-1373. 10. Hanlon, J. (1996). Global airlines. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 11. Hoffman, K., Bateson, J. and Hoffman, K. (2006). Services marketing. Mason, OH: Thomson /South-Western. 12. Jeannet, J., Hennessey, H. and Jeannet, J. (2004). Cases in global marketing strategies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 13. Jorge, M. (2009). The generic industry is changing and will require new global strategies and policies. J Generic Med, 6(2), pp.97-98. 14. Managing culture at British Airways: hype, hope and reality. (2002). Long Range Planning, 35(2), p.112. 15. Maritz, A. (2008). Entrepreneurial Services Marketing Initiatives Facilitating Small Business Growth.Journal of Small Business Entrepreneurship, 21(4), pp.493-503. 16. Marketing Week, (2014). British Airways tops Superbrands list for the first time. [online] Available at: https://www.marketingweek.com/2014/02/24/british-airways-tops-superbrands-list-for-the-first-time/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 17. Marketing Week, (2015). Customer experience is a 5-year challenge. [online] Available at: https://www.marketingweek.com/2015/01/28/customer-experience-is-a-5-year-challenge/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 18. McDonagh, P. (2006). Liberte, equalite, fraternite: reflections on the growth of Fair Trade and business strategy. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 14(4), pp.295-297. 19. Paley, N. (2005). The manager's guide to competitive marketing strategies. London: Thorogood. 20. Phadnis, A. (2015). British Airways to add flights, upgrade service to India. [online] Business-standard.com. Available at: https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/british-airways-to-add-flights-upgrade-service-to-india-113021600293_1.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 21. Profit.ndtv.com, (2015). British Airways Lowers Base Fares by Up To 74% on Flights to US From India - NDTV. [online] Available at: https://profit.ndtv.com/news/corporates/article-british-airways-lowers-base-fares-by-up-to-74-on-flights-to-us-from-india-709143 [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 22. Raghuvanshi, G. (2015). British Airways to Expand Asian Routes. [online] WSJ.com. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304337404579211350211398972 [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 23. Sheffield, J., Goldie, D. and Coleshill, P. (2000). Changing patterns of organisational culture. Paisley: University of Paisley, Faculty of Business. 24. Singh, S. (2010). Handbook of business practices and growth in emerging markets. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. 25. Smallwood, C. and Greiner, J. (2008). Thinking outside the book. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland Co. 26. Tanwar, R. (2013). Porters Generic Competitive Strategies. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 15(1), pp.11-17. 27. Thompson, J. and Martin, F. (2005). Strategic management. London: Thomson Learning. 28. Timesofindia-economictimes.com, (2010). We'll choose India over China: British Airways. [online] Available at: https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-19/news/27574329_1_code-sharing-indian-market-indian-airline [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 29. Vance, S. and Malik, A. (2015). Analysis of factors that may be essential in the decision to fly on fully autonomous passenger airliners. Journal of Advanced Transportation, p.n/a-n/a. 30. Williams, K. (2015). India a key market for British Airways. [online] Moneycontrol.com. Available at: https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/cnbc-tv18-comments/indiakey-market-for-british-airways-keith-williams_1240663.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 31. Wind, Y. (2005). Marketing as an engine of business growth: a cross-functional perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58(7), pp.863-873. 32. Woodley, C. (2006). The history of British European Airways. Barnsley: Pen Sword Aviation.

Working together Essay Example For Students

Working together Essay II. IntroductionAn historic example of team effort gone away. In that legendary story, a few key events transformed Camelot from a utopian kingdom into a wasteland. This isn’t just idle meandering. There are corporate Camelots, too, suggests Steven Rayner (6) those companies that started with such promise and fell victim to problems in their teamwork concepts. It is clear to see that team-based systems simply don’t work; better control equals better management. An emphasis on separating workers into specifically defined jobs, having centralized management control, and maintaining a structured chain of command contributes to a much better and more effective workplace situation (Rayner 15). There are, writes Steven Rayner in Team Traps, literally hundreds of traps that can open a gateway to team disaster (15). It makes more sense, therefore, to stick to the traditional structures in the workplace.term papers and term papers, did I tell about term papers on, term papers i n , term papers about , term papersII. Problem With A Group Approach term papers on and also term papers in and term papers aboutebfefOne of the major problems presented in the team work approach is that people are not accustomed to group problem-solving (Harrington-Mackin 137). It is a practice that not only hasn’t been learned, but is a difficult one to institute. In school, children are taught to rely on their own resources; to develop their individual capabilities. Deborah Harrington-Mackin cites the example of a fourth grader, who wouldn’t be allowed to say, Hey, Joe, you’re good at word problems and I’m good at multiplication tables, so let’s get together for this test (137), yet the adult equivalent of this is seen in the workplace when teams are expected to come up with a group solution to a problem. This is an odd practice for most people, as well as the fact that trying to reach a consensus in a group of adults can frequently result in he ated arguments, and no solution. Team decision-making can be frustrating. The team members have to take the time to listen to everyone’s opinions a time-consuming process where the inclination is frequently to jump on the first answer given rather than go through the lengthy and frequently tedious process of hearing from everyone (Harrington-Mackin 138). term papersqwrgIt seems that teams are being formed for every imaginable reason quality improvement teams, project teams, management teams, task force teams companies are quick to assume that increased employee involvement leads to improved productivity (Rees 7). But the problems that occur in trying to increase employee involvement outweigh the benefits. Many organizations that began traditionally are not accustomed to involving non-managerial employees in the procedures of planning, decision-making, and goal setting. These organizations have leaders who pass out information and answer questions, usually without requiring further involvement from subordinates.term papersvqrgOrganizations have been structured historically to reinforce authoritarian management styles (Mosvick-Nelson 109). There is no easy way to facilitate a team-oriented decision making policy. The authoritarian organizational structure is still the type of management style most used in business (Mosvick-Nelson 109), and for a good reason. Many leaders don’t know how to manage the participation of employees in these processes, even when a team is set up, and they frequently discourage participation (whether or not it’s done intentionally) by their actions they may allow for minimal time for participation, interrupt people, or simply ignore what they hear. This is a good case for leaving the decision-making to the top leadership (Rees 10).term papersIII. What are we supposed to do?vevevMany problems with teams result because there is no clear understanding about what is supposed to be accomplished. Team members and team leaders typically have problems defining their own roles, making it difficult to work toward results rather than busying themselves with the activities of the team (Fisher-Rayner-Belgard 6). It’s far too easy to get caught up in day-to-day activities, in being a team, and forget the reason the team was formed in the first place. This lack of focus is a good reason to keep employees working on their own, in specific, well-defined jobs. Teams tend to become too inwardly-focused a sure sign they won’t survive. term papersSometimes the manager of the team will discount not what his own team is trying to accomplish, but the efforts of others. A manager may insist that the success of other teams was nothing more than a fluke (Rayner 9), or they suggest any success was due to highly unique circumstances. This naturally leads to a lack of credibility, and suggests that employee involvement is irrelevant, yet it is an occurrence that’s all too common. term papersrfrgTh e relationship between team leader and team members is often adversarial. When the team is first formed, it relies on the manager to transfer decision-making and problem-solving authority to the team members. But eventually, the team members rebel against the authority figure, which often results in a confusion over responsibilities and the roles each member is to take. It’s not unusual for the team members to try to take on all managerial responsibilities and even question the value of the manager’s role the team is ostensibly working effectively; why does it need a manager? The tendency for team members to rebel or resist the influence of the designated team leader is a situation that seems to occur in every newly-formed team operation (Rayner 133).term papersIV. Working Together Isn’t So EasyveqgIn his book, Style of Management and Leadership, Manfred Davidmann reminds us that business experts have to work together to achieve their goals, and discord in one area can inconvenience many people (1). It is essential, therefore, that people cooperate with each other but this doesn’t necessarily imply working on a team. Experience has shown that the larger the organization is the more difficult it is to achieve the necessary degree of cooperation. Larger organizations are usually much less effective using a ream approach, as people tend to work against each other rather than with each other (Davidmann 1). term papersvqrvCooperation is essential to any team effort, and it’s not something that can be easily achieved. Frustration with management, or the workplace itself, causes internal conflict and struggle, which in turn means there is considerable lack of identification with the organization and its objectives. Davidmann relates the analogy of coming up against a brick wall. Team members may be trying to achieve something which is difficult, and it seems they don’t get anywhere because they keep on knocking against thi s brick wall which stops us (1). It may be the system or the organization; it may be the team leader or the way the team members relate to each other. In that kind of situation, one finds the wall is very solid, very high, extends almost indefinitely on either side and its foundations are deep and strong. In other words, the team can’t get through it; can’t find any way to get around the problem, and can’t seem to stop knocking their heads against the wall (Davidmann 1). This type of situation, one which occurs all too frequently, is also one which destroys teamwork. term papersGerard M Blair says that there are certain frameworks within which teams attempt to work. It’s the inability to function within these ‘frames’ that is another disadvantage to teamwork. The Forming stage (1) is when the team first comes together. Everyone is considerate and civil, and allows for everyone to participate. Discussion is slow and guarded since no one wishes to be seen as foolish by saying something on which the other may not agree. And underneath all this, there may be conflict. Even though it is not verbalized, it’s always destructive. term papersrvrgNext comes the Storming stage (Blair 1) people take up sides, and views and ideas are entrenched (1). The effectiveness of the team takes a nose dive, and the productiveness of the team is far less than the individuals could have achieved had they not been brought together. This report was written by The Paper Store, Inc. term papersrgerThe Norming stage (Blair 1) is next, in which the team works out methods of compromise, although this often is a moot point. Teams are not always willing to move beyond the first two stages. Once again, human nature is a strong deterrent in the ability of teams to function effectively. There are simply too many people with too many different ideas, and it’s not to be assumed that they will be able to resolve their differences. term papersVI. Barriers for Management TeamsvergrManagement teams are not immune to problems. Not everyone feels that team-based management is the solution for ailing organizations. A team leader from American President Cos. says, A team is like having a baby tiger given to you at Christmas. It does a wonderful job of keeping the mice away for about 12 months, and then it starts to eat your kids (Labich 1). term papersqergOne of the major reasons why management teams don’t work comes down to human nature. Harshman and Philips write of motivational barriers (148), where people in the organization fear loss of power, and leadership barriers (151), where a resistance to leadership leads the all the employees to believe that the team approach is unnecessary. Kenneth Labich suggests that team leaders revert to form and claim the sandbox for themselves, refusing to share authority with the other kids (1). Everyone else on the team tends to argue among themselves, bickering about such things as w ho gets credit for what the team produces. The team falls apart under the pressure and strain the tiger eats the kids. This is one of the major disadvantages to effective team work.term papersrgfwLeadership barriers can stop the entire team process, which ultimately gives the entire workplace the message that the issues the team was trying to resolve were not to be taken seriously. Many top level managers are goal-driven, results-oriented, and have little patience with any long-term process that needs to be effected by a team. The combination of leaders’ impatience and their possibly different perspectives on the objectives of the organization and the team make it very difficult for a team to function effectively (Harshman-Philips 151).term papersIt’s also difficult, suggests Harshman and Philips, for middle management to work in a team. They typically are caught between the top management who controls the organization, and the employees who actually get the work done . Their power in the day-to-day workings of an organization is somewhat shaky, and they don’t generally adapt well to any suggestion of rechanneling that power. This is a major disadvantage to setting up a team (152).term papersVII. Team Barriers ? Team members themselves are faced with certain barriers, even if the leaders can resolve their own problems. Teams tend to avoid responsibility for a variety of reasons and in different ways. Deborah Harrington-Mackin (11) lists the barriers that typically affect the team members: ? Lack of skill or competency to perform the task at handterm papers ? Lack of self-confidence term papers ? Fear of failure, ridicule and criticismterm papers ? Fear of being singled out and exposed as incompetentterm papers ? Fear of losing approval term papers ? Lack of self-control term papers ? Fear of being put in charge term papers ? Fear of taking responsibility for success or failure term papers ? Fear of change; of the unknown term papers ? Lack of organizational skills term papers ? Fear of being held accountable for mistakes term papers ? Fear of the change that success causes in work relationships term papers In addition, there are external barriers which are disadvantageous to the team, which may include:? Having too many tasks to do within a certain time frame term papers ? Experiencing too many changes at the same time term papers ? Having too few people to do the jobs term papers ? Coping with untrustworthy management term papers ? Coping with inconsistencies in management term papers ? Lacking the necessary resources or information to do the job term papers rwrgIt would seem that there are too many negative aspects to functioning as a team. Teams tend to make excuses to avoid responsibility anything from We don’t have the right equipment to It’s too late to start now to We have other problems we need to tackle first (Deborah Harrington-Mackin 12). If a team doesn’t want to cooperate and work t ogether, no amount of suggested solutions can force the members to come up with results. Harrington-Mackin relates that the best excuse she has heard for a team’s failure to perform was that the team was initially too large to accomplish anything (12). To accommodate this team in an attempt to help it work together effectively, it was divided into smaller subgroups, which then, predictably, declared they were too small to be of any use. term papersVIII. Team MyopiagrjjSteven Rayner recognizes that some teams can become very near-sighted; that is, they can’t see past their own noses. There is a natural tendency for teams to become inclusive of their own members, and somewhat paranoid of the intentions of outsiders (Rayner 46). In their initial enthusiasm over making a difference for the organization, some team leaders tend to grab strength through defiance. They challenge anything that was formerly established protocol and this can have a seriously detrimental result. R ayner relates the following anecdote: term papersfwefwefwefweefThe leader of a usually successful team became known as a ‘corporate outlaw’ fwfwrfrfrfrfrfrf(a troublemaker), because he didn’t follow accepted procedures. But this wasn’t wkflhjwflkjrkjthe critical point that led to his failure as an effective team leader. He had a singularergerergerger lack of grace and acceptance of others. His overblown ego led him to give ultimatums fwwrfrwrrrrfrfthat if a team member wasn’t ‘for’ him, he must be ‘against’ him. He believed he could wrfwrfrfrfrfrfignore procedures and practices that had worked previously as long as he got the frfrfrfrfrfrfrfrdesired results from his team. However, thefteam fell apart due to his arrogance efwfwefwefwhis successes were overshadowed by his lack of humility. Team members are not going to fwfqwfwfffwfwork for effective solutions to problems if they receive no credit for doing so, or if they fee l wfwrfrfrfrfrfrthey are being dictated to as opposed to being part of the team they’ve formed. frqfrfrqwfrwThis particular leader’s myopic vision of what constituted a good team never took that into w fwerfweconsideration (Rayner 49). term papers term papersfwefwRayner also attacks existing methods as a means to gain motivation of his team members a ‘we can do it better than they did’ idea (Rayner 59). Even teams that have proven success records tend to fall apart when they have poor interaction with other groups. term papersIX. Plain and Simple Poor Management term paperswfrkTeams forming to accomplish a basic goal often fail due to being poorly managed. Gerard Blair’s facetious description of this process says that: term papersfrfrfqrfqrfrqfIn the beginning, God made an individual and then he made a pair. fwefwewefefThe pair formed a group, together they begat others and thus the group grew. wfwfweffwffUnfortunately, working in a group led to friction, the group disintegrated inrqegrgrrgrg conflict and Caian settled in the land of Nod there has been trouble with groups ever since wfwfwefwef (Blair-Groups 1). term papersrfrfWhen people work in groups, there are usually two separate issues involved. The first issue is the task and the problems that are involved in getting the job done. Frequently this is the only issue which the group considers. The second issue is the process of the group work itself the procedures by which the group acts as a team. But the disadvantage here is that without proper attention to this process, the value of the group can be diminished or even destroyed. All too often, teams can’t manage to see group work as attractive, and there are too many problems inherent to group formation (Blair-Groups 1). term papersfwrfWhat many teams fail to recognize is that a group of people working in the same room, or even on a common project, does not necessarily invoke the group process. If the group i s managed by a leader who relates to them in a totally autocratic manner, there may be little opportunity for interaction. If the group can’t interact, the team eventually dissolves, or in some instances becomes a group of people all working separately instead of together. ffrffThe group process should lead to a spirit of cooperation, coordination and commonly understood procedures that’s generally why a team was established in the first place. But this isn’t always the case. All too often there is one person, perhaps not even the leader, who wants to run the show. This paper is for research assistance only. Blair asks us to consider the effect that a self-opinionated, cantankerous loud-mouth would have on performance efforts, as contrasted to working with a friendly, open, helpful associate (Groups 1). One person can destroy the team just as effectively as if the entire team was unable to function together. term paperswrfrPoor management of teams also extend s to the leaders not recognizing the team members as individuals. Being expected to conform to group standards and set aside individual needs or preferences is one of the main reason teams don’t work (Rees 42). Of course, some people are more comfortable being part of a group, but more independent workers tend to feel ill-at-ease when working in a team. Others may feel they don’t have much in common with their team members an essential factor to a team’s running smoothly whether it’s due to sex, religion, age or culture. If team members feel ‘left out’ at the beginning due to societal differences, there is little reason to expect the team will be able to function as a cohesive group (Rees 42). term papersX. Too Many Qualifications; Too Little Time term paperswfwfThe role of the team leader is a critical one, not only in his view of each team member as an individual, but also in his personal philosophy of what makes a team work as well as t he qualifications for a good leader. Too often, the leader is unprepared for the multitude of expectations that is put on him as the leader of the group. Rees suggests that, in part, an effective leader needs to:term papersterm papers and think term papers ? Listen actively term papers ? Ask questions and listen to the entire answer term papers ? Reserve judgment and keep an open mind term papers ? Actively seek the opinions of the team members term papers ? Encourages different viewpoints term papers ? Models the behavior he wishes to see in his team members term papers ? Knows how to bring the right people together for a task ? Is aware of his own limitations term papers ? Doesn’t take personal credit for group success term papers ? Understands that people’s individual needs affect team effort (26) term papers fwefIt seems unlikely that there will be a team leader who will stand up to these, as well as several other, criteria, which of course implies that the team ca n’t function effectively. Managers simply face too many challenges as they become team leaders. More than ever they need to be able to count on the workers in a team, moving away from the typical hierarchical conception of ‘us’ and ‘them’ (Sayles 9), and towards a more unified effort. But this is easier said than done. The problem inherent in a manager’s relinquishing his ‘power’ (or what he perceives as relinquishing it) is just one more reason why teams don’t work. term papersXI. Team Quality term paperswfwefAs has been discussed, the fate of a team generally rests with the Team Leader. The Team Leader has the authority and the power to define the work team, but too often there is a lack of focus. The quality of the team is diluted and the solutions are ineffective. Gerard Blair suggests that by applying what he calls the principles of Quality (1), the Team Leader can gain for the team the same benefits which work benefic ially for the corporation. His first suggestion for attaining this is to become enthusiastic about one aspect at a time (1). This is often a difficult concept, as the whole idea of working on a team is to toss out as many different ideas as possible. One problem is that by focusing on any one particular issue may cause the team members to lose enthusiasm. term papersfwekAnother trap to poor team work is that the team may focus upon the wrong type of problem. Team leaders need to make it clear any problem which they tackle should be: term papersterm papers, term-papers, termpapers, term papers* related to their own work or environment, and term papers* something which they can change. term papersvwvwUnfortunately, problem solving in teams can turn into gripe sessions about wages and holidays (Blair-Quality 1). fwffFor some team leaders, the ability to enable failure is not a comfortable or familiar concept. If the team is unable to try out ideas without rebuke for errors, then the sc ope of their solutions will be severely limited. Too often, the failures aren’t recognized as they should be as an opportunity to gain knowledge. The quality of the team necessarily suffers because of this, and eventually, one can expect that the team itself will lack the enthusiasm or drive necessary to continue as an effective group (Blair-Quality 1). term papersXII. The Face is Familiar term papersfwefwAnother of the disadvantages to team work is that the teams themselves begin to ‘fade’ as they spend the necessary time together. The same people saying the same things in an extended team situation, day-after-day, becomes tedious and stale. Of course, the obvious solution to this would be to bring in new people, either as new team members or as liaisons to other teams. The problem with this is that teams often resist letting ‘outside’ new members on their team. If the team has functioned as a group for any appreciable length of time, they often fe el they know each other’s quirks and have no desire to alter the dynamics of the group, even when it is apparent what they have isn’t working (Harrington-Macklin 74). term papersddedIf not new members, then another solution to the ‘same old, same old’ situation is often to attempt job-sharing the team members may be encouraged to switch jobs and responsibilities. This, too, is rarely easy to bring about. Team members are generally very resistant to job sharing because each member becomes territorial about the task to which he was first assigned (Harrington-Macklin 76). term papersXIII. Team Meetings term paperseeefProductive team work is almost always the result of successful team meeting (Kinlaw v). Unfortunately, team leaders as well as members don’t receive adequate instruction on how to carry this out, or demonstrate the strategies for organizational development that are necessary. Team meetings, rather than being a productive and efficient mea ns to solve an organization’s problems, can deteriorate due to lack of proper facilitation. Teams that have a tendency to repeatedly set aside difficult decisions find their options are increasingly limited. Without the adequate instruction on how to effect solutions, the teams will eventually either dissolve, or worse make decisions by default rather than informed choice (Rayner 167). term papersefefDisruptive team members are another pitfall in team meetings. The reluctance of team members to provide honest and direct feedback to an objectionable member only leads to frustration and poor performance, yet many team members are uncomfortable with the inevitable confrontation (Rayner 169). term paperswfffTeam managers have the responsibility to guide the team, but often they perceive this as a need to abdicate their authority in favor of letting the team members become more self-directed (Rayner 167). Many teams simply can’t handle this type of responsibility. term pap ersterm papersConclusion / Why Not Teams? fefefIt seems clear that working in teams is not always the most effective way to ensure quality solutions for organizations. The problems and pitfalls that are inherent to any team process don’t, in my opinion, outweigh the limited advantages of having people work in a group. There are too many variables that can cause the team to fail personalities, misunderstandings, ineffective leaders and it seems to make more sense, as well as the fact that the organization can simply run more smoothly, if the standard and traditional procedures of having everyone assigned to a given job, working on his own, is the method used. People still can feel part of the organization by their own contributions, but they don’t have the problems involved with several different people working on one team. term papersWORKS CITED term papersBlair, Gerard M. Groups That Work. term papersdqedeqhttp://www.ee.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/art0.html (1997). term papersterm papersBlair, Gerard M. How to Build Quality into your Team IEE Engineering Management Journal. fwfwfffhttp://spindle-ee- net2.ee.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/ (1996). term papersterm papersBlair, Gerard M. Laying the Foundations for Effective Teamwork. term papersfefefe http://www.ee.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Teaching/art0.html (1996). .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 , .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .postImageUrl , .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 , .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380:hover , .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380:visited , .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380:active { border:0!important; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380:active , .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380 .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21f4fd2119aa5bdbea3dbfbf843b3380:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Helen Keller Essay We will write a custom essay on Working together specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Davidmann, Manfred .Style of Management and Leadership. term papersewfwefhttp://www.demon.co.uk/solbaram/articles/clm2.html (1982). term papers on, term papers about, term papers in, term papers andFisher, Kimball-Rayner, Steven-Belgard, William. 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